The terms 'science' and 'scientific' are not defined in the Internal Revenue Code, Congress apparently having chosen to rely on the commonly understood meaning of the term. Thus 'science' will be defined as the process by which knowledge is systematized or classified through the use of observation, experimentation, or reasoning.
Applied research is research to gain knowledge or understanding to determine the means by which a specific, recognized need may be met. Applied research includes investigations oriented to discovering new scientific knowledge that has specific commercial objectives with respect to products, processes, or services. It may include research and investigation in the sciences, social sciences, or humanities.
Defined by 8 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) § 214.2(h)(19)(iii)(C)
The United States Congress chose to exempt from the H-1B numerical limitations for foreign nationals who are employed "at" a nonprofit research organization, which is a broader category than nonimmigrants employed "by" a qualifying U.S. Employer.
Applied research is usually embedded in its natural environment where the problem is unfolding so that the researchers can access the most relevant and up-to-date information, including key contextual factors.
Broad and inclusive team composition in terms of skills and knowledge is often a prerequisite given that applied research problems and questions tend to be multi-dimensional, requiring a range of skills and strengths.
The recognition of the importance attached to education and research, and a concomitant desire to promote American competitiveness by ensuring that certain organizations that are dedicated to the advancement of knowledge and are traditionally at the forefront of intellectual progress in this country continue to have unfettered access to the pool of highly educated and talented workers who qualify for H-1B status.
Employees and consultants in all industries – whether they are part of the government, nonprofit, or private sector - routinely engage in inquiries to assist in solving specific problems.
Federal agencies with extramural R&D budgets are required to reserve 0.45% of the extramural research budget for STTR awards to small businesses.
Published daily, each PND abstract summarizes the content of, or from, an original article, press or news release, or grantmaker Web site.
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